On 4 January 2005, in an FA Cup third-round tie at St Mary’s, Southampton midfielder Pedro Mendes took a free kick that became one of the most discussed goal-line incidents of the mid-2000s. Mendes struck a curling shot that goalkeeper Paul Robinson of Tottenham Hotspur appeared to misjudge; the ball rebounded from the underside of the crossbar and was cleared back into play. Television replays later showed the ball had crossed the goal line by roughly a yard before spinning out, but referee Mark Clattenburg and his assistants did not award a goal. The match resumed without the goal being given. The incident occurred in the 21st minute of the game. Mendes’ free kick crept under and then up off the goalkeeper and crossbar before leaving the goal mouth. At the time, there was no goal-line technology and no additional on-field official dedicated expressly to monitoring whether the ball had fully crossed the line; decisions relied on the referee and two assistant referees, with possible input from the fourth official. Television replays — unavailable to match officials for decision-making at that time — supported the view that the ball had fully crossed the line. The non-awarding of Mendes’ goal intensified existing calls for improved technology and officiating aids in football. Supporters and commentators used the episode to argue that human officials, positioned for the flow of play rather than for line scrutiny, could miss crucial moments. In the years that followed, football authorities experimented with and gradually introduced technological solutions: additional assistant referees behind the goal were trialled, followed later by goal-line technology systems that use sensors and multiple cameras to provide definitive, real-time confirmation when the whole ball crosses the line. FIFA and IFAB approved goal-line technology for major competitions later in the decade, and it was used at the 2014 World Cup. Contemporaneous reporting described strong reactions from fans and pundits but no formal reversal of the match result; the game continued and concluded according to the on-field officials’ decisions. The Mendes incident remains frequently cited in retrospectives about the evolution of officiating tools in football. While replays indicate the ball crossed the line, official records stand with the referee’s original call, illustrating the gap that then existed between live officiating and post-match video evidence. Historical significance: The Mendes non-goal is not notable because it changed the outcome of a major tournament, but because it became a widely referenced example in the debate over whether and how to introduce technology to assist referees. It contributed to momentum for eventual rule changes and technological adoption intended to reduce clear human error in goal decisions. Exact measurements of how far the ball crossed the line are based on broadcast footage and post-match analysis; there was no independent, competition-sanctioned measurement performed at the time.